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The world after the rules-based order

This week, we’re stepping back from the news cycle to reflect on the stories that shaped global politics in 2025: what they reveal about power, money and how the global system is really working, and what that means heading into 2026.

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I’m Oliver Crowley. I co-founded The Geopolitical Desk after years working across North Africa and the Middle East, mostly as a consultant, often behind the scenes.

Over time, one thing became impossible to ignore: how wide the gap can be between what is actually happening on the ground and the information that filters through to decision-makers.

And how costly that gap can be, not just for organisations or governments, but for the communities that end up living with the consequences of bad planning.

What struck me wasn’t that reliable information didn’t exist. It was that it was fragmented, siloed and exhausting to piece together.

Everyone serious I worked with (diplomats, journalists, political officers, analysts) was (and probably still is) running on fumes, juggling dozens of conversations across WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram, email, and whatever else they’d picked up along the way, trying to build context in real time.

That was the starting point for GPD.

This year, our focus has been on building a space for reporting that is nuanced, grounded in local realities and actually useful.

We still have a A LOT to do. But we're taking big strides.

In the past twelve months, our small team has walked the streets of London, Dubai, Moscow, Damascus, Cairo, Paris, Tripoli, Rome, Benghazi, Tunis, and Washington, D.C.

We moved between boardrooms, embassies, airports, oilfields, desert waystations and political hubs to speak with executives, diplomats, engineers, military officials and local stakeholders whose perspectives rarely make it into mainstream coverage but whose actions shape the headlines of tomorrow.

More than anything, 2025 has underscored just how far the world has drifted from the post-Cold War idea of a “rules-based international order.”

The 12-day war between Israel and Iran showed how quickly deterrence can erode and how limited the appetite now is among major powers to enforce hard constraints once escalation begins.

Is Iran shielding the state or its people?
Iran is navigating a prolonged period of structural strain in which economic fragility, energy imbalances, and deep social change increasingly intersect.

Our latest article looks at how Iran is navigating a prolonged period of structural strain in which economic fragility, energy imbalances and deep social change increasingly intersect.

The war in Gaza has become a prolonged stress test not only for the region, but for Western cohesion itself, exposing deep political fault lines inside the United States and across Europe.

How the Gaza War exposed America’s political fault lines
Support for Israel has been a bipartisan stance in U.S. politics for decades, but the recent war in Gaza has pushed both parties in differing trajectories.

This widely shared article looked at how shifting public attitude to the war in Gaza combined with existing frustrations around America’s political system, forcing both major parties to adapt.

In the Gulf, we're seeing the redrawing of economic and geopolitical interests based on a new hard-power world where Trumpian dealmaking, competition over AI and access to critical minerals are dictating the rules of the game.

Is this the start of a new Saudi–US strategic order?
Mohammed bin Salman’s visit to Washington signalled that U.S.-Saudi relations are entering a more structured and future-oriented phase. The partnership is increasingly anchored in shared tech priorities, deeper defence integration and large-scale capital alignment with U.S. strategic industries.

In this article, we examined how the U.S.-Saudi partnership is increasingly anchored in shared tech priorities, deeper defence integration and large-scale capital alignment with U.S. strategic industries.

Beyond the Middle East, Russia’s ability to continue prosecuting its war in Ukraine despite unprecedented sanctions has highlighted the diminishing coercive power of economic tools in an increasingly fragmented global economy.

The strategic sectors Russia won’t surrender
Despite intense Western sanctions, Russia has been able to maintain both arms and nuclear energy exports in an effort to sustain its economy.

Last week's article also made the rounds in policy circles, looking at how Russia has been able to maintain both arms and nuclear energy exports in an effort to sustain its economy.

Across these theatres, a common pattern has emerged.

There is no longer a central enforcer, and the incentives that underpin the delicate balance between status quo and momentous change are no longer the same as even a few years ago.

In some arenas, like Syria, change has moved quickly as the country's new leadership has turned it from a pariah state into a promising regional player.

Is Ahmed al-Sharaa redefining the geopolitical chessboard?
The now-iconic Washington Post photograph of Ahmed al-Sharaa calmly contemplating a chessboard during his visit to Washington reflects the strategy that has defined his rise: a blend of calculation, patience and a willingness to play a long game with pieces others assumed were unwinnable.

This article provides a recap of Syria's first year following the collapse of the Assad regime, and how Ahmed al-Sharaa has been able to turn a bad hand into a successful pitch.

In others, like Libya, it remains stubbornly slow, constrained by entrenched elites, foreign patrons and the absence of viable alternatives.

The networks behind Libya’s instability
Through corruption and opportunism, 111st Brigade commander Abdulsalam al-Zoubi has recently become a dominant figure in western Libya, but in the country’s cyclical politics of violence, it’s unclear how long he could remain.

This article was one of our most popular reads in 2025, looking at how Libya's criminal networks and its political elite cooperate to sustain a broken status quo.

But such trends could very well flip in 2026.

The sudden emergence of “Gen Z protests” across the world has demonstrated just how quickly the tides can turn when the assumptions propping up outdated systems collide with the aspirations of a new generation of voters.

Morocco’s Gen Z rebellion
Struggling with failing services, corruption and high youth unemployment, Morocco is now finding itself caught in a global wave of Gen-Z anger.
Gen Z’s struggle against the old order in Nepal
With the fall of the government, Nepal finds itself at an important crossroads, with a young generation hungry for change.
Bangladesh’s fragile transition faces its first test
Bangladesh’s democratic transition remains fragile. The interim government struggles to deliver reforms and prepare the country’s first credible election in 16 years, with risks ranging from orderly democratic renewal to violent breakdown.

In the year ahead, knowing when that balance may shift is where both risk and opportunity sit.

That is the space we are trying to fill with The Geopolitical Desk.

We provide a blend of geopolitical intelligence and independent reporting, rooted in local insight, designed to help readers understand not just what is happening, but why it is unfolding the way it is.

Your readership — and, for many of you, your subscription — allows us to invest where it matters most: following files over months rather than ebbing and flowing with the news cycles; going deep in countries where access is limited; building cross-regional source networks; and most importantly paying our writers, editors, designers and contributors fairly.

As we look to 2026, the operating environment across MENA and other frontier markets will remain volatile.

The task (for us, at least) will be to separate structural shifts from passing turbulence, and to understand where interests are converging quietly, before they do so publicly.

Thank you for reading, engaging and trusting our work so far. We hope you continue following us in 2026.

From all of us here at GPD, happy holidays and best wishes for the year ahead,

Oliver Crowley
Founder, The Geopolitical Desk

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Oliver Crowley

Oliver is a co-founder and editor of The Geopolitical Desk. He writes our flagship weekly newsletter, drawing on years of fieldwork in the Middle East and North Africa. His approach blends local insight with clear, evidence-driven reporting.

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